GEOGRAPHIES OF CITIZEN SCIENCE: DATA, PARTICIPATION, ACCESS, AND FREEDOM IN CONFLICT ZONES

Keywords: Citizen science, censorship, freedom, biodiversity, conflict zones
Session Type: Virtual Paper Abstract
Day: Friday
Session Start / End Time: 2/25/2022 03:40 PM (Eastern Time (US & Canada)) - 2/25/2022 05:00 PM (Eastern Time (US & Canada))
Room: Virtual 5

Abstract

Citizen science is rapidly expanding as an important source for geographic information. Citizen science aims to break down traditional barriers restricting science to privileged populations. While the literature reflects an emerging dialogue about the applications and accuracy of citizen science data, fewer scholars have explored the breadth and reach of citizen science data. Recently, debates have emerged around who is participating in citizen science. Citizen science addresses issues of equitable access to, and participation in science. Open access to data, and equitable participation in collection of data are core tenants of citizen science. This study explores whether the principles of citizen science extend to places with restricted access to information, internet, and limited intellectual freedom.

As a citizen science platform, iNaturalist has a global reach evidenced by over 79 million biodiversity observations by roughly 1,861,609 citizen scientists in every country. Conflict zones, authoritarian regimes, rogue states, and separatist movements are known for restricted or censored access to internet, data, and information. Using a case study approach, iNaturalist observations from conflict zones were collected to determine who was utilizing the platform. This study identified if citizen science was occurring, or if the platform was being used to further restriction and inequities contrary to its mission.

Findings showed that in many cases observations are not made by “citizens” participating in citizen science. Instead, the platform is often misused by academic elite or professionals to share data. Many foreign scientists appear to be “hijacking” the platform; taking advantage of conflicts and political instability.